Tuning Electrons Migration of Dual S Defects Mediated MoS2-x/ZnIn2S4-x Toward Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

Photocatalytic hydrogen production is a prevalent method for hydrogen synthesis. However, high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers and high activation energy barrier of H remain persistent challenge. Here, the two-step hydrothermal method is utilized to prepare dual S-defect mediated catalyst molybdenum sulfide/zinc indium sulfide (MSv/ZISv), which has high hydrogen production rate of 8.83 mmol g-1h-1 under simulated sunlight. The achieved rate is 21.91 times higher than pure ZnIn2S4 substrate. Defects in ZIS within MSv/ZISv modify the primitive electronic structure by creating defect state that retaining good reducing power, leading to the rapid separation of electron-hole pairs and the generation of additional photogenerated carriers. The internal electric field further enhances the migration toward to cocatalyst. Simultaneously, the defects introduced on the MoS2 cause electron rearrangement, leading to electron clustering on both S vacancies and edge S. Thereby MSv/ZISv exhibits the lowest activation energy barrier and |ΔGH*|. This work explores the division of synergies between different types of S defects, providing new insights into the coupling of defect engineering.

A binary dumbbell visible light driven photocatalyst for simultaneous hydrogen production with the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde.

Photocatalytic H2 production with selective oxidation of organic moieties in an aqueous medium is a fascinating research area. However, the rational design of photocatalysts and their photocatalytic performance are still inadequate. In this work, we efficiently synthesized the MoS2 tipped CdS nanowires (NWs) photocatalyst using soft templates via the two-step hydrothermal method for efficient H2 production with selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BO) under visible light illumination. The optimized MoS2 tipped CdS NWs (20 % MoS2) photocatalyst exhibits the highest photocatalytic H2 production efficiency of 13.55 mmol g-1 h-1 with 99 % selective oxidation of BO, which was 42.34 and 2.21 times greater photocatalytic performance than that of pristine CdS NWs and MoS2/CdS NWs, respectively. The directional loading of MoS2 at the tips of CdS NWs (as compared to nondirectional MoS2 at CdS NWs) is the key factor towards superior H2 production with 99 % selective oxidation of BO and has an inhibitory effect on the photo corrosion of pristine CdS NWs. Therefore, the amazing enhancement in the photocatalytic performance and selectivity of optimized MoS2 tipped CdS NWs (20 % MoS2) photocatalyst is due to the spatial separation of their photoexcited charge carriers through the Schottky junction. Moreover, the unique structure of the MoS2 flower at the tip of 1D CdS NWs offers separate active sites for adsorption and surface reactions such as H2 production at the MoS2 flower (confirmed by Pt photo deposition) and subsequently the selective oxidation of BO at the stem of CdS NWs. This rational design of a photocatalyst could be an inspiring work for the further development of an efficient photocatalytic system for H2 production with selective oxidation of BO (a strategy of mashing two potatoes with one fork).

Interfering with reconsolidation by rimonabant results in blockade of heroin-associated memory.

Drug-associated pathological memory remains a critical factor contributing to the persistence of substance use disorder. Pharmacological amnestic manipulation to interfere with drug memory reconsolidation has shown promise for the prevention of relapse. In a rat heroin self-administration model, we examined the impact of rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid receptor indirect agonist, on the reconsolidation process of heroin-associated memory. The study showed that immediately administering rimonabant after conditioned stimuli (CS) exposure reduced the cue- and herion + cue-induced heroin-seeking behavior. The inhibitory effects lasted for a minimum of 28 days. The effect of Rimonabant on reduced drug-seeking was not shown when treated without CS exposure or 6 hours after CS exposure. These results demonstrate a disruptive role of rimonabant on the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memory and the therapeutic potential in relapse control concerning substance use disorder.

Functional properties and skin care effects of sodium trehalose sulfate.

BACKGROUND: It is known that heparinoid, a mucopolysaccharide polysulfate, is effective in improving rough skin and promoting blood circulation as medicines for diseased areas. However, heparinoid has a molecular weight of more than 5000 and cannot penetrate healthy stratum corneum. OBJECTIVE: We tested the efficacy of sulfated oligosaccharides with a molecular weight of less than 2000 on the human skin barrier function and moisturizing function. METHODS: We measured the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of a three-dimensional human epidermis model cultured for 3 days after topical application of sulfated oligosaccharides, then observed the effects on TEWL suppression. The mRNA levels of proteins involved in intercellular lipid transport and storage in the stratum corneum, and moisture retention were measured using RT-qPCR. RESULTS: An increase in the mRNA levels of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 12 (ABCA12), which transports lipids into stratum granulosum, was confirmed. Increases were also observed in the mRNA levels of filaggrin (FLG), which is involved in the generation of natural moisturizing factors, and of caspase-14, calpain-1 and bleomycin hydrolase, which are involved in the degradation of FLG. Antibody staining confirmed that the application of sodium trehalose sulfate to 3D model skin resulted in more ABCA12, ceramide, transglutaminase1, and FLG than those in controls. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, participants with low stratum corneum water content applied a lotion and emulsion containing sodium trehalose sulfate to their faces for 4 weeks. Sodium trehalose sulfate decreased the TEWL and increased the stratum corneum water content. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cosmetics containing sodium trehalose sulfate act on the epidermis by increasing barrier factors and moisturizing factors, thereby ameliorating dry skin.

Advances in Semiconductor Lasers Based on Parity-Time Symmetry.

Semiconductor lasers, characterized by their high efficiency, small size, low weight, rich wavelength options, and direct electrical drive, have found widespread application in many fields, including military defense, medical aesthetics, industrial processing, and aerospace. The mode characteristics of lasers directly affect their output performance, including output power, beam quality, and spectral linewidth. Therefore, semiconductor lasers with high output power and beam quality are at the forefront of international research in semiconductor laser science. The novel parity-time (PT) symmetry mode-control method provides the ability to selectively modulate longitudinal modes to improve the spectral characteristics of lasers. Recently, it has gathered much attention for transverse modulation, enabling the output of fundamental transverse modes and improving the beam quality of lasers. This study begins with the basic principles of PT symmetry and provides a detailed introduction to the technical solutions and recent developments in single-mode semiconductor lasers based on PT symmetry. We categorize the different modulation methods, analyze their structures, and highlight their performance characteristics. Finally, this paper summarizes the research progress in PT-symmetric lasers and provides prospects for future development.

An O/N/S-rich porous Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF) for gold recovery from the aqueous phase with excellent performance.

Recovering gold from wastewater has both economic and environmental benefits. However, how to effectively recover it is challenging. In this work, a novel Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized and decorated with 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid to have a well-developed porous architecture to effectively recover Au(III) from water. The maximum Au(III) sorption capacity by the finally-synthesized porous material MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA reached 2350 mg/g at pH = 6.00 ± 0.15, which is one of the highest among all literature-reported relevant materials including MOFs, and high sorption strength can be maintained within a wide pH range from 2.0 to 10.0. Besides, Au(III) sorption efficiency at low concentrations (i.e., 3.5 × 104 mg/mL) reached over 99%. Mechanically, outstanding Au(III) sorption by MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA resulted from the O/N/S-containing moieties on its surface, large surface area and porosity. The N- and S-containing functionalities (CS, CONH) served as electron donors to chelate Au(III). The O-containing (FeOFe, COFe, COOH, and coordinated H2O) and N-containing (CONH) moieties on MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA interacted with OH groups on the hydrolyzed species of Au(III) (AuCl3(OH)-, AuCl2(OH)2-, and AuCl(OH)3-) by hydrogen bond, which further increased Au(III) sorption. Furthermore, about 45.71% of Au(III) was reduced to gold nanoparticles by CS groups on the decorated 2,5-dithiophene dicarboxylic acid during sorption on MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA. Over 98.35% of Au(III) was selectively sorbed on MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA at pH 4.0, much higher than that of the coexisting heavy metal ions including Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II) (< 5%), despite their same concentration at 0.01 mg/mL. Although sorption selectivity of a noble metal Pt(IV) by MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA is relatively poor (68.23%), it could be acceptable. Moreover, reusability of MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA is also excellent, since above 90.5% Au(III) still can be sorbed after two sorption-desorption cycles. Overall, excellent sorption performance and the roughly-calculated gold recycling benefits (26.30%) highlight that MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA is a promising porous material for gold recovery from the aqueous phase.

Photocatalytic Conversion of Methane to Ethanol at a Three-Phase Interface with Concentration-Matched Hydroxyl and Methyl Radicals.

The direct oxidation of CH4 to C2H5OH is attractive but challenging owing to the intricate processes involving carbon-chain growth and hydroxylation simultaneously. The inherent difficulty arises from the strong tendency of CH4 to overoxidize in the commonly used pressurized powder suspension systems rich in reactive oxygen radicals (ROR), which are specifically designed for CH4 concentration and activation. Meanwhile, the strong tendency of nucleophilic attack of potent ROR on the C-C bond of the resulting product C2H5OH ultimately leads to a higher selectivity for C1 oxygenates. This study addresses this multifaceted issue by designing a three-phase interface based on a hydrophilic floating Fe(III)-cross-linked macroporous alginate hydrogel film encapsulated with C3N4 [Fe(III)@ACN] to simultaneously enhance the accessibility of H2O and CH4 molecules to the active sites and species within the macroporous channel. The hydrophilic properties of Fe(III)@ACN allow the in situ production of H2O2 from C3N4 through the water oxidation reaction under irradiation. The concurrent photoinduced Fe(II) triggers Fenton reaction with H2O2 to produce •OH. The enhanced mass transfer of CH4 at the three-phase interface ensures the efficient formation of •CH3 by reacting with •OH, ultimately facilitating carbon-chain growth in the conversion pathway from CH4 to CH3OH and finally to C2H5OH with •CH3 and •OH present in comparable concentrations. Thus, the Fe(III)@ACN catalyst exhibits a remarkable 96% selectivity for alcohol, achieving a 90% selectivity for C2H5OH in the alcohol products. The C2H5OH production rate reaches 171.7 µmol g-1 h-1 without the need for precious-metal additive.

Key mRNAs and lncRNAs of pituitary that affect the reproduction of FecB + + small tail han sheep.

BACKGROUND: The pituitary directly regulates the reproductive process through follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Transcriptomic research on the pituitaries of ewes with different FecB (fecundity Booroola) genotypes has shown that some key genes and lncRNAs play an important role in pituitary function and sheep fecundity. Our previous study found that ewes with FecB + + genotypes (without FecB mutation) still had individuals with more than one offspring per birth. It is hoped to analyze this phenomenon from the perspective of the pituitary transcriptome. RESULTS: The 12 Small Tail Han Sheep were equally divided into polytocous sheep in the follicular phase (PF), polytocous sheep in the luteal phase (PL), monotocous sheep in the follicular phase (MF), and monotocous sheep in the luteal phase (ML). Pituitary tissues were collected after estrus synchronous treatment for transcriptomic analysis. A total of 384 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (182 in PF vs. MF and 202 in PL vs. ML) and 844 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) (427 in PF vs. MF and 417 in PL vs. ML) were obtained from the polytocous-monotocous comparison groups in the two phases. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs in the two phases were enriched in signaling pathways known to play an important role in sheep fecundity, such as calcium ion binding and cAMP signaling pathways. A total of 1322 target relationship pairs (551 pairs in PF vs. MF and 771 pairs in PL vs. ML) were obtained for the target genes prediction of DELs, of which 29 DEL-DEG target relationship pairs (nine pairs in PF vs. MF and twenty pairs in PL vs. ML). In addition, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed to explore the regulatory relationships of DEGs, and some important regulatory relationship pairs were obtained. CONCLUSION: According to the analysis results, we hypothesized that the pituitary first receives steroid hormone signals from the ovary and uterus and that VAV3 (Vav Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 3), GABRG1 (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor, Gamma 1), and FNDC1 (Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 1) played an important role in this process. Subsequently, the reproductive process was regulated by gonadotropins, and IGFBP1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1) was directly involved in this process, ultimately affecting litter size. In addition, TGIF1 (Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-Induced Factor 1) and TMEFF2 (Transmembrane Protein With EGF Like And Two Follistatin Like Domains 2) compensated for the effect of the FecB mutation and function by acting on TGF-ß/SMAD signaling pathway, an important pathway for sheep reproduction. These results provided a reference for understanding the mechanism of multiple births in Small Tail Han Sheep without FecB mutation.

Evidence-based rehabilitation medicine: definition, foundation, practice and development.

To determine the definition, foundation, practice, and development of evidence-based rehabilitation medicine (EBRM) and point out the development direction for EBRM. Retrieve the database of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and China science and technology journal database (CSTJ). The search was conducted from the establishment of the database to June 2023. The key words are "rehabilitation medicine and evidence based" in Chinese and English. After reading the abstract or full text of the literature, a summary analysis is conducted to determine the definition, foundation, practice, and development of EBRM. A total of 127 articles were included. The development of 14 sub majors in EBRM are not balanced, evidence-based musculoskeletal rehabilitation medicine (EBMRM) (31 articles, mainly focuses on osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and musculoskeletal pain), evidence-based neurorehabilitation medicine (EBNM) (34 articles, mainly concentrated in stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury) and evidence-based education rehabilitation medicine (EBEDRM) (17 articles, mainly focuses on educational methodology), evidence-based nursing rehabilitation medicine (EBNRM) (2 articles), evidence-based engineering rehabilitation medicine (EBENRM) (7 articles), evidence-based traditional Chinese rehabilitation medicine (EBTCRM) (3 articles), evidence-based internal rehabilitation medicine (EBIRM) (11 articles), evidence-based intensive care rehabilitation medicine (EBICRM) (4 articles), evidence-based oncology rehabilitation medicine (EBORM) (6 articles), evidence-based physical therapy medicine (EBPTM) (3 articles), evidence-based cardiopulmonary rehabilitation medicine (EBCRM) (6 articles), evidence-based speech therapy medicine (EBSTM)/evidence-based occupation therapy medicine (EBOTM)/evidence-based geriatric rehabilitation medicine (EBGRM) (1 article). The EBMRM, EBNM and EBEDRM are relatively well developed. The development of EBNRM, EBENRM, EBTCRM, EBIRM, EBICRM, EBGRM, EBORM, EBCRM, EBPTM, EBSTM and EBOTM is relatively slow, indicating these eleven fields should be pay more attention in future.

miR-215-5p Plays a Key Role in Suppressing Vascular Invasion and Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Blocking Vasculogenic Mimicry.

BACKGROUND: This research explores the significance of miR-215-5p and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in forecasting the prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: We analyzed HCC-associated miRNA expression profiles using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Samples included tissue and blood from 80 early-stage HCC patients and serum from 120 healthy individuals. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to measure miR-215-5p and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) gene expressions. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and CD34/Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) double staining assessed VM presence in HCC tissue sections. Bioinformatics tools predicted interactions between miR-215-5p and ZEB2, confirmed through luciferase reporter assays. We also examined the impact of miR-215-5p or ZEB2 overexpression on HCC cell invasion, migration, and VM formation using scratch, Transwell invasion assays, and Matrigel 3D cultures. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis indicated that miR-215-5p was under-expressed in HCC, particularly in cases with vascular invasion, which correlated with worse patient outcomes. In contrast, ZEB2, targeted by miR-215-5p, was overexpressed in HCC. RT-qPCR validated these expression patterns in HCC tissues. Among the HCC patients, 38 were VM positive and 42 VM negative. Logistic regression highlighted a negative correlation between miR-215-5p levels and VM positivity in HCC tissues and a positive correlation for ZEB2 with VM positivity and tumor vascular invasion. Lower miR-215-5p levels were linked to increased HCC recurrence and metastasis. Both bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assays demonstrated a direct interaction between miR-215-5p and ZEB2. Enhancing miR-215-5p levels reduced ZEB2 expression, consequently diminishing invasion, migration, and VM formation of the HCC cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: miR-215-5p expression inversely correlates with VM occurrence in HCC tissues, while ZEB2 expression shows a direct correlation. By targeting ZEB2, miR-215-5p may hinder VM in HCC tissues, helping to prevent vascular invasion and HCC recurrence. Thus, miR-215-5p emerges as a vital prognostic indicator for predicting vascular invasion and recurrence in HCC.

Regulation of histone acetylation by garcinol blocks the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memory.

Drug-associated long-term memories underlie substance use disorders, including heroin use disorder (HUD), which are difficult to eliminate through existing therapies. Addictive memories may become unstable when reexposed to drug-related cues and need to be stabilized again through protein resynthesis. Studies have shown the involvement of histone acetylation in the formation and reconsolidation of long-term drug-associated memory. However, it remains unknown whether and how histone acetyltransferases (HAT), the essential regulators of histone acetylation, contribute to the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memories. Herein, we investigated the function of HAT in the reconsolidation concerning heroin-conditioned memory by using a rat self-administration model. Systemic administration of the HAT inhibitor garcinol inhibited cue and heroin-priming induced reinstatement of heroin seeking, indicating the treatment potential of garcinol for relapse prevention.

Differential Impact of Fractional Flow Reserve Measured After Coronary Stent Implantation by Left Ventricular Dysfunction.

Background: Both left ventricular systolic function and fractional flow reserve (FFR) are prognostic factors after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, how these prognostic factors are inter-related in risk stratification of patients after PCI remains unclarified. Objectives: This study evaluated differential prognostic implication of post-PCI FFR according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods: A total of 2,965 patients with available LVEF were selected from the POST-PCI FLOW (Prognostic Implications of Physiologic Investigation After Revascularization with Stent) international registry of patients with post-PCI FFR measurement. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac death or target-vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI) at 2 years. The secondary outcome was target-vessel revascularization (TVR) and target vessel failure, which was a composite of cardiac death, TVMI, or TVR. Results: Post-PCI FFR was independently associated with the risk of target vessel failure (per 0.01 decrease: HRadj: 1.029; 95% CI: 1.009-1.049; P = 0.005). Post-PCI FFR was associated with increased risk of cardiac death or TVMI (HRadj: 1.145; 95% CI: 1.025-1.280; P = 0.017) among patients with LVEF ≤40%, and with that of TVR in patients with LVEF >40% (HRadj: 1.028; 95% CI: 1.005-1.052; P = 0.020). Post-PCI FFR ≤0.80 was associated with increased risk of cardiac death or TVMI in the LVEF ≤40% group and with that of TVR in LVEF >40% group. Prognostic impact of post-PCI FFR for the primary outcome was significantly different according to LVEF (Pinteraction = 0.019). Conclusions: Post-PCI FFR had differential prognostic impact according to LVEF. Residual ischemia by post-PCI FFR ≤0.80 was a prognostic indicator for cardiac death or TVMI among patients with patients with LVEF ≤40%, and it was associated with TVR among patients with patients with LVEF>40%. (Prognostic Implications of Physiologic Investigation After Revascularization with Stent [POST-PCI FLOW]; NCT04684043).

Targeting pro-inflammatory T cells as a novel therapeutic approach to potentially resolve atherosclerosis in humans.

Atherosclerosis (AS), a leading cause of cardio-cerebrovascular disease worldwide, is driven by the accumulation of lipid contents and chronic inflammation. Traditional strategies primarily focus on lipid reduction to control AS progression, leaving residual inflammatory risks for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). While anti-inflammatory therapies targeting innate immunity have reduced MACEs, many patients continue to face significant risks. Another key component in AS progression is adaptive immunity, but its potential role in preventing AS remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a retrospective cohort study on tumor patients with AS plaques. We found that anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) significantly reduces AS plaque size. With multi-omics single-cell analyses, we comprehensively characterized AS plaque-specific PD-1+ T cells, which are activated and pro-inflammatory. We demonstrated that anti-PD-1 mAb, when captured by myeloid-expressed Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), interacts with PD-1 expressed on T cells. This interaction turns the anti-PD-1 mAb into a substitute PD-1 ligand, suppressing T-cell functions in the PD-1 ligands-deficient context of AS plaques. Further, we conducted a prospective cohort study on tumor patients treated with anti-PD-1 mAb with or without Fc-binding capability. Our analysis shows that anti-PD-1 mAb with Fc-binding capability effectively reduces AS plaque size, while anti-PD-1 mAb without Fc-binding capability does not. Our work suggests that T cell-targeting immunotherapy can be an effective strategy to resolve AS in humans.

The dual effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress in digestive system tumors and intervention of Chinese botanical drug extracts: a review.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is essential for maintaining human health, and once imbalanced, it will trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), which participates in the development of digestive system tumors and other diseases. ERS has dual effect on tumor cells, activating adaptive responses to promote survival or inducing apoptotic pathways to accelerate cell death of the tumor. Recent studies have demonstrated that Chinese botanical drug extracts can affect the tumor process of the digestive system by regulating ERS and exert anticancer effects. This article summarizes the dual effect of ERS in the process of digestive system tumors and the intervention of Chinese botanical drug extracts in recent years, as reference for the combined treatment of digestive system tumors with Chinese and modern medicine.

Dynamic feedback bit-level image privacy protection based on chaos and information hiding.

Bit is the most basic unit of a digital image in the spatial domain, and bit-level encryption is regarded as an important technical means for digital image privacy protection. To address the vulnerability of image privacy protection to cryptographic attacks, in this paper, a bit-level image privacy protection scheme using Zigzag and chain-diffusion is proposed. The scheme uses a combination of Zigzag interleaving scrambling with chaotic sequences and chain-diffusion method images are encrypted at each bit level, while using non-sequential encryption to achieve efficient and secure encryption. To balance security and efficiency, the encryption strategy for each bit layer is weighted. The chaos-based sequences used for encryption depend on the previous hash value, thus the effect of chain-diffusion is achieved. To further enhance the encryption effect, a non-sequential encryption technique by non-linearly rearranging the bit cipher image is employed, so that the attacker cannot crack the protection scheme by analyzing the encrypted image. The ciphertext image hidden by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) also provides efficient encryption, higher level of security and robustness to attacks. This technology provides indistinguishable secret data embedding, making it difficult for attackers to detect or extract hidden information. Experimental results show that this scheme can effectively protect the confidentiality of the image and can resist various common cryptographic attacks. The scheme proposed in this paper is a preferred digital image privacy protection technology, so it has broad application prospects in image secure transmission occasions.

Multifunctional Cellulose Nanocrystals Electrolyte Additive Enable Ultrahigh-Rate and Dendrite-Free Zn Anodes for Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc Batteries.

The design of aqueous zinc (Zn) chemistry energy storage with high rate-capability and long serving life is a great challenge due to its inhospitable coordination environment and dismal interfacial chemistry. To bridge this big gap, herein, we build a highly reversible aqueous Zn battery by taking advantages of the biomass-derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) electrolyte additive with unique physical and chemical characteristics simultaneously. The CNCs additive not only serves as fast ion carriers for enhancing Zn2+ transport kinetics but regulates the coordination environment and interface chemistry to form dynamic and self-repairing protective interphase, resulting in building ultra-stable Zn anodes under extreme conditions. As a result, the engineered electrolyte system achieves a superior average coulombic efficiency of 97.27 % under 140 mA cm-2, and steady charge-discharge for 982 h under 50 mA cm-2, 50 mAh cm-2, which proposes a universal pathway to challenge aqueous Zn chemistry in green, sustainable, and large-scale applications.

Global trends in neonatal MRI brain neuroimaging research over the last decade: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Neuroimaging plays a central role in the evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of neonates. In recent years, the exploration of the developing brain has been a major focus of research for researchers and clinicians. In this study, we conducted bibliometric and visualization analyses of the related studies in the field of neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain neuroimaging from the past 10 years, and summarized its research status, hotspots, and frontier development trends. Methods: The Web of Science core collection database was used as the literature source from which to retrieve the relevant papers and reviews in the field of neonatal MRI brain neuroimaging published in the Science Citation Index-Expanded from 2013 to 2022. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to conduct bibliometric and visualization analyses of the annual publication volume, countries, institutions, journals, authors, co-cited literature, and the overall distribution of keywords. Results: We retrieved 3,568 papers and reviews published from 2013 to 2022. The number of publications increased during this period. The United States (US) and the United Kingdom were the largest contributors, with the US receiving the highest H-index and number of citations. The institutions that published the most were the University of London and Harvard University. The research mainly focused on cerebral cortex, brain tissue, brain structure network, artificial intelligence algorithm, automatic image segmentation, and premature infants. Conclusions: This study reveals the research status and hotspots of magnetic resonance imaging in the field of neonatal brain neuroimaging in the past decade, which helps researchers to better understand the research status, hotspots, and frontier development trends.

Effective green treatment of sewage sludge from Fenton reactions: Utilizing MoS2 for sustainable resource recovery.

Effectively managing sewage sludge from Fenton reactions in an eco-friendly way is vital for Fenton technology's viability in pollution treatment. This study focuses on sewage sludge across various treatment stages, including generation, concentration, dehydration, and landfill, and employs chemical composite MoS2 to facilitate green resource utilization of all types of sludge. MoS2, with exposed Mo4+ and low-coordination sulfur, enhances iron cycling and creates an acidic microenvironment on the sludge surface. The MoS2-modified iron sludge exhibits outstanding (>95%) phenol and pollutant degradation in hydrogen peroxide and peroxymonosulfate-based Fenton systems, unlike unmodified sludge. This modified sludge maintains excellent Fenton activity in various water conditions and with multiple anions, allowing extended phenol degradation for over 14 d. Notably, the generated chemical oxygen demand (COD) in sludge modification process can be efficiently eliminated through the Fenton reaction, ensuring effluent COD compliance and enabling eco-friendly sewage sludge resource utilization.

Prognostic Implications of Quantitative Flow Ratio and Plaque Characteristics in Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Treatment Strategy.

BACKGROUND: Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is a method for evaluating fractional flow reserve without the use of an invasive coronary pressure wire or pharmacological hyperemic agent. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic implications of QFR and plaque characteristics in patients who underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided treatment for intermediate lesions. METHODS: Among the IVUS-guided strategy group in the FLAVOUR (Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular Ultrasound for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intermediate Stenosis) trial, vessels suitable for QFR analysis were included in this study. High-risk features were defined as low QFR (≤0.90), quantitative high-risk plaque characteristics (qn-HRPCs) (minimal lumen area ≤3.5 mm2, or plaque burden ≥70%), and qualitative high-risk plaque characteristics (ql-HRPCs) (attenuated plaque, positive remodeling, or plaque rupture) assessed using IVUS. The primary clinical endpoint was target vessel failure (TVF), defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization. RESULTS: A total of 415 (46.1%) vessels could be analyzable for QFR. The numbers of qn-HRPCs and ql-HRPCs increased with decreasing QFR. Among deferred vessels, those with 3 high-risk features exhibits a significantly higher risk of TVF compared with those with ≤2 high-risk features (12.0% vs 2.7%; HR: 4.54; 95% CI: 1.02-20.29). CONCLUSIONS: Among the IVUS-guided deferred group, vessels with qn-HRPC and ql-HRPC with low QFR (≤0.90) exhibited a significantly higher risk for TVF compared with those with ≤2 features. Integrative assessment of angiography-derived fractional flow reserve and anatomical and morphological plaque characteristics is recommended to improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing IVUS-guided deferred treatment.

Contribution of ApoB-100/SORT1-Mediated Immune Microenvironment in Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Ferroptosis After Spinal Cord Injury.

This study aims to explore the impacts of ApoB-100/SORT1-mediated immune microenvironment during acute spinal cord injury (SCI), and to investigate the potential mechanism. CB57BL/6 mice underwent moderate thoracic contusion injury to establish the SCI animal model, and received ApoB-100 lentivirus injection to interfere ApoB-100 level. Functional recovery was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score and footprint analysis. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the ultrastructure of the injured spinal cord tissue. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Perls staining were conducted to assess histological changes and iron deposition. Biochemical factor and cytokines were detected using their commercial kits. M1/M2 macrophage markers were detected by immunofluorescence assay in vivo and by flow cytometry in vitro. HT22 neurons were simulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by incubation with polarized macrophage medium to simulate the immune microenvironment of injured spinal cord in vitro. The local immune microenvironment is changed in SCI mice, accompanied with the occurrence of oxidative stress and the elevation of both M1 and M2 macrophages. Knockdown of ApoB-100 ameliorates oxidative stress and lipid disorder, and inhibits inflammation and ferroptosis in SCI mice. Importantly, knockdown of ApoB-100 can partly restrict M1 macrophages but does not change M2 macrophage proportion in SCI mice. Further, M1 macrophages are observed to attenuate the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis levels of LPS-induced HT22 cells, which is further strengthened by SORT1 knockdown. Blockage of ApoB-100/SORT1-mediated immune microenvironment plays a protective role against SCI via inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid disorders, and ferroptosis, providing novel insights of the targeted therapy of SCI.